ACTIVITY 1	pH Tritration Lab
PURPOSE:	In this experiment students will learn to: titrate a sample, properly use and read a pH meter, conduct quantitative analyses, perform titration calculations.
SUMMARY:	This experiment is designed to teach students to use a pH meter to monitor a titration for its endpoint to determine the acidity of solution (pickle juice). In this lab students will titrate pickle juice with sodium hydroxide to determine the amount of acetic acid present.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. ring stand phenolphthalein sodium hydroxide buret clamp glass stirring rod narrow-mouth 150-mL 95% ethanol 50 mL brine solution 50 mL dill pickle juice 50-mL buret distilled water 250-mL beaker (for waste) Chemwipes or other lint-free tissues 250 mL beaker of 0.25 M sodium hydroxide distilled water in a wash bottle pH meter (or Vernier pH probe and CBL unit/TI graphics calculator or computer)
SAFETY:	The teacher should review the following with all students taking part in this laboratory exercise. All chemicals may be disposed of in accordance with your local laws. Review the MSDS sheets of all chemicals used in this experiment. 1. Apron, goggles, and gloves should be worn at all time during lab! 2. Since the students will be using Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and it is caustic, the instructor should review basic safety precautions pertaining to the use of these chemicals. If you should spill NaOH on your hands, rinse them with a lot of water. 3. The pH probe is a delicate instrument. The end of the probe consists of a thin glass bulb. Because this glass is thin, it can break easily. Handle the probe with care and follow your instructor’s directions for cleaning. The pH probe can also dry out easily. Be sure it is kept in a pH 7 buffer solution when not in use. Do not store the probe in water.

ACTIVITY 2	Principles of Chemistry Lab
PURPOSE:	In this experiment students will learn to: test organic compound to determine whether they are fats, carbohydrates or proteins, conduct an experiment to determine how heat and cold effect enzyme activity, and construct three-dimensional atomic models of organic and inorganic compounds to observe different types of bonding.
SUMMARY:	In this experiment students will use molecular model kits to build different types of organic and inorganic compounds found in living things. Students will also observe the behavior of enzymes when exposed to heat and cold. Students will then perform different types of test on organic compounds to determine whether the compound is a carbohydrate, fat or protein.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. molecular model kit tweezers 3% hydrogen peroxide milk 4 test tubes Lugol’s or idoine solution test tube rack Benedict’s solution thermometer raw egg white 50 mL graduated cylinder raw chicken or cow liver starch solution
SAFETY:	The teacher should review the following with all students taking part in this laboratory exercise. All chemicals may be disposed of in accordance with your local laws. Review the MSDS sheets of all chemicals used in this experiment. 1. Apron, goggles, and gloves should be worn at all time during lab! 2. Since the students will be using iodine or Lugol’s solution, Benedict’s solution and 3% hydrogen peroxide which are all toxic And caustic, the instructor should review basic safety precautions pertaining to the use of these chemicals. If you should spill any of these solutions on your hands, rinse them with a lot of water. 3. Since a hot water bath will be used to denature the enzyme in the liver caution should be observed by students using the heating unit.
ACTIVITY 3	Review of Light Microscope
PURPOSE:	To familiarizes students with the use of a compound light microscope. Teach students to make slides of prepared human cells to review wet mount and simple slide staining techniques.
SUMMARY:	To provide the students with the opportunity to review the parts of a microscope and proper handling of a compound light microscope. Students will make slides to review wet mount and simple slide staining techniques.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. water forceps fine newspaper scissors medicine dropper slide and cover slips compound microscope drawing 3 basic types of microscope drawing compound light microscope drawing
SAFETY:	Review basic care and handling of microscopes. No special safety consideration is required for this activity.

ACTIVITY 4	Cellular Structure and Function
PURPOSE:	Students observe human cheek cells and their internal organization. Then they examine the process of cell division and make drawing of major stages. Students will conduct quantitative analyses to determine the way in which materials cross cell membranes.
SUMMARY:	Students will make cheek cell slides and observe them under a light microscope. Students will also collect data on what type of materials will cross a membrane. Students will use a light microscope to examine and draw different stages of cell mitosis.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. water scissors forceps ring stand tooth picks thistle tube dialysis tubing 150 mL beakers copper sulfate 400 mL beakers iodine solution medicine dropper wood charcoal filter paper funnel 0.1% silver nitrate 30% sugar solution methylene blue stain 50 mL graduated cylinder glass slide and cover slips potassium permanganate compound light microscope starch-sodium chloride solution prepared microscope slides of mitosis
SAFETY:	The teacher should review the following with all students taking part in this laboratory exercise. All chemicals may be disposed of in accordance with your local laws. Review the MSDS sheets of all chemicals used in this experiment. 1. Apron should be worn at all time during lab! 2. Review basic care and handling of microscopes 3. Since the students will be using 0.1% silver nitrate, methylene blue stain, and potassium permanganate are all toxic and caustic, the instructor should review basic safety precautions pertaining to the use of these chemicals. If you should spill any of these solutions on your hands, rinse them with a lot of water.

ACTIVITY 5	Extraction of DNA from Cow Thymus
PURPOSE:	Students will extract DNA from a Cow Thymus cells to better understand the amount of DNA each cell contains.
SUMMARY:	Students first help prepare the cow’s thymus so that the cells in this organ will begin to swell and break. Next using meat tenderizer students and alcohol DNA is taken out of the cells and spun on a pencil
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. cheesecloth 100 mL water funnel 250 mL beaker detergent 95% ethanol ice bath pencil 2 cm piece of calf thymus (also called sweetbreads)
SAFETY:	The teacher should review the following with all students taking part in this laboratory exercise. All chemicals may be disposed of in accordance with your local laws. Review the MSDS sheets of all chemicals used in this experiment. Apron and goggles should be worn at all times during this lab!
ACTIVITY 6	Microscopic Examination of Human Tissue Types
PURPOSE:	Students will examine the structure of the main types of human body tissue. Students will also identify the function of the various tissues of the body.
SUMMARY:	Students will use a light microscope to examine, classify, and draw the thirteen different major tissue types and found in the human body. Students will also identify the function of the various tissues of the body.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. Prepared slides of each of the following tissues: Epithelial tissue Connective/Supportive Muscle Muscle tissue 1. simple squamous 1. hyaline 1. striated 2. stratified squamous 2. elastic 2. smooth 3. cuboidal 3. blood 3. cardiac 4. simple columnar 4. bone 5. stratified columnar 5. adipose
SAFETY:	Review basic care and handling of microscopes

ACTIVITY 7	Integumentary Lab
PURPOSE:	Students will examine the appearance and structure of the skin, hair, scalp, nails, and fingerprints. Students will also collect data on the sense of touch, including heat, pressure, pain, etc. to observe the skins role in communication with the environment.
SUMMARY:	Student examine the skin and make comparison of data collected.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. nails ink pad ice bath compass metric ruler tweezers microscope stiff brush magnifying glass fingerprint reference sheet
SAFETY:	Care should be taken not to damage skin nor draw blood with compass point.
ACTIVITY 8	Introduction to the Axial Skeletal System
PURPOSE:	Students will learn the names, structure, markings, and location of bones of the axial skeletal system. Students will also learn internal parts of a long bone.
SUMMARY:	Students will examine and then label the internal structure of a long bone using real bones and bone models. Then the students will examine real and plastic models of bones to learn the names, structure, marking, and location of the bones of the axial skeleton system. Students will also classify the bones they examine as being short, flat, long or irregular.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. plastic disarticulating skeleton skulls real articulated skeleton plastic encased bones of the ear
SAFETY:	Review proper handling techniques for real bones.
ACTIVITY 9	Introduction to the Appendicular Skeletal System
PURPOSE:	Students will learn the names, structure, markings, and location of bones of the appendicular skeletal system.
SUMMARY:	Students will examine and then label the internal structure of a long bone using real bones and bone models. Then the students will examine real and plastic models of bones to learn the names, structure, marking, and location of the bones of the axial skeleton system. Students will also classify the bones they examine as being short, flat, long or irregular.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. plastic disarticulating skeleton real articulating skeleton
SAFETY:	Review proper handling techniques for real bones.

ACTIVITY 10	Introduction to the Muscles
PURPOSE:	To teach students the names, location, origin, and insertions of major muscles of the human body. This will be accomplished by sculpting muscles onto a plastic human figure.
SUMMARY:	Students will use modeling clay to sculpt the major muscles of the body onto a plastic human mannequin figure. Students will learn origin and insertions of major muscle groups and their primary action.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two students working together. modeling clay mannequin figure reference text
SAFETY:	Review proper handling of mannequin figure, modeling clay, and use of sculpting instruments.
ACTIVITY 11	Micro Structure of a Muscle
PURPOSE:	Understand relationship between variables. Develop ability to graph and interpret graphs, find an unknown variable.
SUMMARY:	Students note changes cold and warm water have on handwriting; bicep circumference when flexes and relaxed; gastronemius muscle changes when standing on one’s toes, fatigue effects on finger muscle.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. pan of ice tape strips of paper cloth measure tape tongue depressor string & 500 g weight stopwatch sphygmomanometer
SAFETY:	Watch to make sure that students are not risking injury to their fingers.
ACTIVITY 12	Human Reflex Physiology
PURPOSE:	Students will gain a better understanding of how neurons work and reflex nerve responses.
SUMMARY:	Students test the patellar, Achilles, crossed extensor, abdominal, plantar, corneal, gag, papillary light, consensual, ciliospinal, and salivary reflexes.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two students. reflex hammer sharp pencils cot (if available) absorbent cotton tongue depressor metric and 12 in ruler flashlight wide-range pH paper 100 or 250 mL beaker large bucket w/ fresh 10% bleach solution disposable autoclave bag wash bottle w/ 10 % bleach solution
SAFETY:	Properly dispose of materials

ACTIVITY 13	Dissection of a Sheep’s Brain
PURPOSE:	To learn the names, location, and structures of a mammalian brain.
SUMMARY:	Students will dissect a sheep brain to learn general anatomy of the mammalian brain. They will familiarize themselves with the different points of view and plans of section for example dorsal, ventral, lateral and sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes of section.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two students. sheep’s brain gloves dissecting tray aprons dissecting kit safety goggles
SAFETY:	Preservatives can be dangerous to students that wear contact lenses. These students, if possible, should wear eyeglasses during lab. All students must wear gloves and lab aprons during dissection. Wearing of safety goggles is also strongly advised during lab.
ACTIVITY 14	Hearing and Equilibrium Lab; Taste and Olfaction Lab
PURPOSE:	To demonstrate knowledge of ear anatomy, test students hearing, and equilibrium. Students will learn about the sense of smell through data collecting and analysis.
SUMMARY:	Students will dissect a sheep brain to learn general anatomy of the mammalian brain. They will familiarize themselves the different points of view and plans of section for example dorsal, ventral, lateral and sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes of section.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. chalk Q-tips cotton almond toothpicks distilled water oranges ticking watch paper towel paper cups sugar crystal tuning forks peppermint rotating stool acetic acid solution vial of NaCl solution
SAFETY:	Equilibrium subjects should not be easily inclined to dizziness on rotation or turning movements; rotation should be stopped if subject becomes nauseous; classmates should be prepared to catch, hold o9r support subject(s). A 10% bleach solution should be used on desk and counter tops in the classroom before beginning the smell lab. For the sense of smell lab it is important that the students not share anything in this part of the lab. This includes cups and anything that they have in their mouths. Students should dispose of their own waste materials.

ACTIVITY 15	Dissection of a Cow’s Eye
PURPOSE:	Students will dissect a cow’s eye to learn general anatomy of the mammalian eye. They will familiarize themselves with the different points of view and plans of section for example dorsal, ventral, lateral and sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes of section.
SUMMARY:	In groups of two students will dissect and examine the different parts of a cow’s eye.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two students. cow’s eye gloves dissecting tray aprons dissecting kit safety goggles
SAFETY:	Preservatives can be dangerous to students that wear contact lenses. These students, if possible, should wear eyeglasses during lab. All students must wear gloves and lab aprons during dissection. Wearing of safety goggles is also strongly advised during lab.
ACTIVITY 16	Lab on Human Vision
PURPOSE:	Determine near point vision, visual acuity, accommodation, astigmatism, and visual mapping. To gain understanding of human vision.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. pins cm scale astigmatism chart index cards visual map peripheral vision cards Snellen chart
SAFETY:	None
ACTIVITY 17	Forensic Science – Caught By A Kiss
PURPOSE:	This lab is intended to familiarize students with the activity of the enzyme amylase, the primary digestive component of human saliva. It will also emphasize to students the value of finding saliva at a crime scene, because helpful DNA evidence can be isolated from saliva.
SUMMARY:	This lab allows students to work together using forensic science techniques to determine which of 8 suspects was actually at the scene of the crime.
EQUIPMENT:	Materials for this laboratory exercise are set up for lab groups consisting of two to three students. 8 toothpicks 8 straws 8 paper cups 24 petri plates 8 envelopes 24 resealable bags 50 absorbent cotton balls labels 500 mL bottle of Melt-N-Pour starch agar 30mL IKI potassium iodide solution
SAFETY:	Prudent lab safety practices should be followed at all times during this lab. One portion of the lab requires use of boiling hot liquids. Students should be warned of the danger of getting burned.