Biology II AP Objectives

Links:

Topics:

4. Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids
   • What is the role of carbon in the molecular diversity of life?
   • What are the main organic molecules in organisms?
   • How do structures of biologically important molecules account for their functions?
   • How do cells synthesize and break down macromolecules?
   1. Explain the role of the carbon atom in organic chemistry
      1. Explain how organic polymers contribute to biological diversity
      2. Describe how covalent linkages are formed and broken in organic polymers using condensation and hydrolysis reactions
   2. Describe the distinguishing characteristics of carbohydrates, and how they are classified
      1. List the four characteristics of sugars
      2. Identify a glycosidic linkage found in starch and cellulose, and explain why the difference is biologically important
      3. Describe the important function of each type of carbohydrate
   3. Describe the distinguishing characteristics of lipids, and how they are classified
      1. Describe the unique properties, polymers and biological importance of the each of the five groups of lipids: terpens, waxes, fats, phospholipids, and steroids
      2. Identify what triacylglycerol and triglyceride are
      3. Describe an ester lineage and how it forms
   4. Describe the distinguishing characteristics of nucleic acids
      1. Describe and be able to draw the parts of a nucleotide
      2. Describe the unique properties, polymers and biological importance of the each of three groups of nucleic acids: DNA, RNA, and ATP
      3. Describe how hydrogen bonds help form DNA
      4. Summarize the functions of each of the three types of nucleic acids
      5. Describe the three-dimensional structure of DNA, and distinguish between pyrimidine and purine bases
      6. Describe the historical background including how the structure of DNA was determined and by whom
      7. Describe the historical background on the human genome project

Time Range:
7 days

Suggested Teaching Strategies:

• Students will read and take their own notes on the chapter (maybe in outline form).
• Lecture on carbohydrates: how they are classified and their main function. Give examples of each type's usage in the human body.
• Lecture on lipids: how they are classified and their main function. Give examples of each type's usage in the human body.
• Lecture on nucleic acids: how they are classified and their main function. Give examples of each type's usage in the human body.
• Science as a Process: Lecture on who discovered the structure of DNA.
• Students will watch and do video reviews on "Champions at Any Price" film about steroid use in athletes.
• Students take notes on lecture (maybe in outline form).
• Students will fill out crossword puzzle that uses terms from the chapter.
• Students will fill out chapter study guide to complement their lecture and board notes.
• Students will fill out worksheet on how much carbohydrates are formed.
• Students will fill out worksheet on how much lipids are formed.
• Students will fill out worksheet on how much nucleic acids formed.
• Science as a Process: Reading and Video on the Human Genome Project.
• Critical Thinking: Students will make and use index cards to help them construct a three-dimensional conceptual map of carbohydrates.
• Critical Thinking: Students will make and use index cards to help them construct a three-dimensional conceptual map of lipids.
• Critical Thinking: Students will make and use index cards to help them construct a three-dimensional conceptual map of nucleic acids.
• Critical Thinking: Students will write a two-page paper on how the human genome project could possibly affect privacy issues in years to come.

Aligned Resources:

• Lab: Principles of Organic Chemistry
• 3 x 5 pkg. of colored index cards
• 5 x 8 pkg. of colored index cards
• Video Champions at Any Price
• Study guide over unit four
• Crossword puzzle
Labs and materials
• Computers and CD-ROM
• Examples of concept maps of carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
• Transparencies of different types of bonds: peptide, ester, glycosidic
• Worksheets on how to form carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

Assessment:

• Grade on reading quiz
• Grade on conceptual maps
• Grade on study guide
• Grade on crossword
• Grade for video review
• Grade on unit test

Revision Date:
November 2001