Chemistry II AP Objectives

Links:

College Board Topic I:
Structure of Matter

Topics:

2. Chemical bonding
   1. Binding forces
      1. Types: ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals (including London dispersion forces)
      2. Relationships to states, structure, and properties of matter
      3. Polarity of bonds, electronegativities
   2. Molecular models
      1. Lewis structures
      2. Valence bond: hybridization of orbitals, resonance, sigma and pi bonds
      3. VSEPR
   3. Geometry of molecules and ions, structural isomerism of simple organic molecules and coordination complexes; dipole moments of molecules; relation of properties to structure

Time Range:
See course calendar

Suggested Teaching Strategies:
1. a-b: reviewed from Chem I

1. c: define terms, present resources such as table of electronegativities, link electronegativity to atom's ability to draw an electron to it, describe through illustration how electronegativity differences help us to predict what kind of molecular bonds will form based on the elements found in the compound.

2. a: Review Lewis Dot Diagrams and present Lewis structures as a more sophisticated version of predicting number of bonds and unbonded electrons in any compound.

2b-c and 3: Use Lewis structures and idea of repulsion to understand how certain geometrical configurations are favored for molecular structures. Include current theory on how electron orbitals mix to form hybrid orbital for single and double bonds. Balloons are used to demonstrate how repulsion would result in a specific geometry. To help students visualize the molecular geometries build a set of models with modified tinker toys. In a related activity, students are asked to calculate Lewis structures for a series of compound and build models of the compounds using Popsicle sticks and fun dough.

Aligned Resources:

• Brown and LeMay CD segments on dipole moment, Lewis structure and VSEPR
• Chem Animations CD-ROM segments on orbital hybridization, sigma and pi bonding

Revision Date:
May 2001